A New Understanding of Channel Patterns and Facies Models of the Shallow Lake Delta Facies of Fuyu Oil Reservoir in Songliao Basin,China     

LI Yanping  CHEN Shumin  SONG Yongzhong  ZHANG Erhua  SHEN Jiagang  ZHENG Jianbin 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):596-609

In the Fuyu Reservoir of Songliao Basin, there occur a series of well-developed peculiar shallow lake delta facies, which can be divided to such three ones as the upper delta plain subfacies, the lower delta plain subfacies, and the delta front subfacies. Among them the upper delta plain subfacies mainly grows proximal distributary channels; the lower delta plain subfacies mainly grows distal ones. The entire Fuyu Reservoir has mainly developed 7 kinds of distributary channel patterns： proximal/ distal meandering type distributary channels, proximal/distal low-sinuosity type distributary channels, proximal/distal straight type distributary channels, and subaqueous distributary channels. Among these patterns, the proximal and distal meandering type distributary channels have bigger thickness of point bar and better sorting and low content of mud; moreover, they are the major reservoirs and occur in the bottom of Quan-4th member. The sandbars of the subaqueous distributary channels have higher mud content, and serve as the poorer reservoirs, and mainly occur in the top of Quan-4th member.  相似文献   

西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积体系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

田洁  吴时国  王大伟  吕福亮  王彬  张新元 《海洋科学》2016,40(6):101-109

高分辨率地震资料显示,南海北部西沙海域碳酸盐台地周缘广泛发育水道沉积体系。礁缘水道底界面表现出强反射特征,内部充填弱-强、连续性好的地震相,可见底部杂乱反射特征;斜坡水道在地震剖面上表现为横向上连续发育的"V"型特征,且下切深度较浅。西沙隆起与广乐隆起之间的南北向低洼地带发育大型深水水道,并且受古地貌高点影响,水道分为南北两个分支。北分支水道可分为5期,且水道迁移现象明显;南分支水道可分为4期,水道以充填强振幅、连续性好的浊流沉积体和弱振幅、杂乱的块体搬运体系(Mass Transport Deposits,MTDs)为特征,每期水道均表现出侵蚀-充填-废弃的旋回性。分析认为西沙碳酸盐台地周缘水道沉积物源来自西沙隆起和广乐隆起的碳酸盐台地和生物礁碎屑及由火成作用产生的火成岩碎屑。西沙-广乐碳酸盐台地水道相互贯通,构成台地-斜坡-深水的水道沉积体系,为碳酸盐岩、生物礁及火山碎屑向台地周缘输送提供了良好的通道。  相似文献   

Environmental significance of bedrock jointing in Southern Ontario,Canada     

N. Eyles  A. E. Scheidegger 《Environmental Geology》1995,26(4):269-277

The bedrock surface of many glaciated areas is obscured by thick drift deposits. In southern Ontario, Canada, the buried bedrock surface is dissected by channels, infilled with glacial deposits as much as 150 m thick, that are part of a wider mid-continent preglacial fluvial system that predates formation of the modern Great Lake basins. The infills of bedrock channels form major groundwater aquifers, influence regional groundwater flows and contaminant migration to Lake Ontario, and may localize the release of thermogenic methane and radon within heavily urbanized surface environments. A quantitative comparison of the regional pattern of bedrock joints and the orientation pattern of buried bedrock channels and modern river valleys shows that all these orientation patterns are virtually coincident. Buried bedrock channels in south-central Ontario are not part of a simple antecedent drainage system but were likely predesigned by bedrock joint patterns that have subsequently been propagated upward into overlying Pleistocene sediments. Joints in sediments are of considerable environmental significance (for example, subsurface contaminant and gas migration in fine-grained clayey sediments) and of many origins (stress release, desiccation, etc.) but are widely assumed to be a predominantly surface-related phenomena; the existence of deeper joints has been noted by some authors but their origin is obscure. Data presented herein from south-central Ontario confirm that, in addition to surface-related joints, a second population of bedrock-related joints, reflecting the upward propagation of bedrock fractures, is present in Pleistocene sediments of south-central Ontario.  相似文献   

风云二号可见光通道噪声分析     

谷松岩 《气象》1998,24(8):26-28

通过空间结构函数分析法,分析了风云二号扫描辐射计可见光通道的噪声。计算结果表明,风云二号扫描辐射计可见光４个通道的噪声水平不完全一样,其中通道１的等效噪声计数值最大,为０．５１,其它３个通道的等效噪声计数值为０．４２￣０．４５。  相似文献   

An Initial Guess for the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm for Conditioning a Stochastic Channel to Pressure Data     

Fengjun Zhang  Albert C. Reynolds  Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(1):67-88

A standard procedure for conditioning a stochastic channel to well-test pressure data requires the minimization of an objective function. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is a natural choice for minimization, but may suffer from slow convergence or converge to a local minimum which gives an unacceptable match of observed pressure data if a poor initial guess is used. In this work, we present a procedure to generate a good initial guess when the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to condition a stochastic channel to pressure data and well observations of channel facies, channel thickness, and channel top depth. This technique yields improved computational efficiency when the Levenberg–Marquardt method is used as the optimization procedure for generating realizations of the model by the randomized maximum likelihood method.  相似文献   

Tailings fans and valley‐spur cutoffs created by hydraulic mining     

L. Allan James 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(7):869-882

Sand and gravel tailings from nineteenth century open‐pit hydraulic gold mines formed large alluvial fans at tributary con?uences in the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California. In the Bear River watershed, several of these fans were so large that they blocked main channels for decades. Some channels not only aggraded deeply, but also moved laterally and cut across the inner bends of valley spurs. Now locked in bedrock channels, these valley‐spur cutoffs impose local controls on geomorphic, hydraulic, and sedimentary processes. One cutoff has incised 25 m into bedrock over the past century (25 cm a^?1) with rapid initial incision rates of up to 50 cm a^?1 (1884–1890). Recognition of spur cutoffs in the geological record may help to identify large landslides and provide an analogue for a type of natural earth?ll dam spillway not prone to catastrophic failures. Tailing fans, valley‐spur cutoffs, and the sediment they trap are described from contemporary accounts and recent ?eld conditions in the Bear River watershed. These anthropogenic changes represent a major shift in the watershed from supply‐limited to transport‐limited sediment budgets and a change in geomorphic processes away from long‐term drainage evolution dominated by ingrown meanders. The large volumes of mining sediment stored in these landforms will be slowly released over the next millennium and could be signi?cant to contemporary ecological and public health issues due to recent ?ndings of high mercury loadings associated with hydraulic mines. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An experimental study of rip channel flow   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Nils Drnen  Harshinie Karunarathna  Jrgen Fredse  B. Mutlu Sumer  Rolf Deigaard 《Coastal Engineering》2002,45(3-4)

A laboratory study of the flow over a bar with a single rip channel has been performed. First, the well-known pattern of a bar circulation cell with a strong offshore-directed current out through the rip channel and a weaker onshore-directed return flow over the bar is documented. Then measurements of the three-dimensional structure of the flow in the area where the rip channel, the bar and the trough meet and well inside the rip channel are presented. These measurements reveal that 3D effects play an important role, and that a depth-integrated viewpoint may not always be sufficient for predicting the flow in the near bed region. Particle-tracking experiments illustrate the near bed flow pattern over the entire area. These demonstrate how the overall trajectory pattern changes as a function of the distance of wave breaking from the bar crest: For some conditions, the rip current is fed from the trough and for other conditions it is fed directly from the bar. Both the 3D measurements and the trajectory tests show the existence of a weaker onshore-directed near-bed drift in the area where the rip current ceases. Finally, in a series of sensitivity tests, measurements of the rip current intensity for different wave climate and water level conditions reveal a strong correlation between the rip current intensity and the wave height (both normalized).  相似文献   

Effect of channel bifurcation on residual estuarine circulation: Winyah Bay, South Carolina     

Yong H. Kim  George Voulgaris 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,65(4):671-686

The residual circulation pattern of Winyah Bay, the fourth largest estuary on the eastern coast of the US, is examined using stationary and shipborne current measurements during periods of low freshwater discharge. The estuary has a complex morphology with a single channel and narrow banks at the river entrance and the bay mouth, and a bifurcated channel system (main and western channels, respectively) in the middle part that appears to affect the residual circulation.Overall, the upper (single channel morphology) and middle (dual-channel morphology) parts of the estuary exhibit a baroclinic residual circulation. The presence of bifurcated channels in the middle part of the estuary modifies the typical gravitational circulation. The near-bed landward-directed residual flow is stronger in the deeper main channel than the shallower western channel. This is the result of the fact that the magnitude of residual flow scales with the water depth of the channel and it is also influenced by the opposing patterns of channel alignment in the northern and southern junctions. Analytical modeling confirms that the observed residual currents in the upper and middle estuary are density-induced. In the lower estuary, residual flow is directed seaward throughout the water column of the channel while in the adjacent shoals the residual flow is directed landward, suggesting that in contrast to the upper and middle estuary, the residual flow near the mouth is barotropic, controlled by the tides and the channel-bank morphology.  相似文献   

Automated drainage extraction in mapping the Monterey submarine drainage system,California margin     

Lincoln F. Pratson  William B. F. Ryan 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1996,18(6):757-777

Drainage-extraction algorithms traditionally used for extracting river networks and watersheds from gridded land topography are applied to gridded multibeam bathymetry of the mid-California margin. The algorithms are used to automatically map two regional tributary networks of submarine canyons and deepsea channels draining Monterey Bay, the principal conduits of which are Acension and Monterey Canyons. The algorithms reliably map subaqueous drainage areas, but are prone to error in mapping the extent of submarine canyon and channel thalwegs due to operator subjectivity and algorithm limitations. A geomorphic comparison of the Acension and Monterey Canyon networks, with 12 river networks in the continental U.S., illustrates both the potential and weaknesses of using drainage extraction algorithms to analyze sediment pathways in gridded bathymetry.  相似文献   

Seismic facies analysis of Westphalian sequences of the southern North Sea     

David J. Evans  Alan Meneilly  Gordon Brown 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1992,9(6)

Differing seismic facies are observed from within the Westphalian sequences of the southern North Sea. A review of published synthetic seismograms and seismic data from known coal-bearing basins establishes seismic facies types and their relationships. Similar reflection character is recognized from Westphalian sequences in the southern North Sea and lithologies confirmed by borehole information. Probable sand/silt or clastic-prone Upper Coal Measures (Westphalian C/D) stages and coal-prone Lower and Middle Coal Measures (Westphalian A, B and part C) stages can be defined and mapped, providing information on the regional distribution of source and reservoir rocks and stratigraphic plays. It is suggested that sand-prone channel complexes or clastic dominated areas within the mainly A/B stages can be recognized and mapped, providing information on migration pathways and stratigraphic plays.  相似文献